海外国宝:东周王陵,金村遗珍
金村出土了大量精美的玉器,主要收藏在以下地方,一个是弗利尔美术馆,另一个是哈佛大学艺术博物馆。当然还有加拿大皇家安大略博物馆。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052723162.jpg)
弗利尔美术馆的金链玉佩饰是金村玉器中最引人注目的一组,是目前为止艺术水平特别高且有代表性的一组佩玉。但是如图所见的形式是复原的结果,由于缺乏原始出土资料,这只是其中的一种可能。
据悉,金村文物是我国仅存不多的先秦文物,极其珍贵,量大质优,但仅仅只有3件留存国内。据推测洛阳金村大墓,十有八九是周王之墓,金村的8座大墓出土预估有近千件青铜器、玉器等。但这些珍贵文物,还没等人国人领略其风骚,就已流亡海外,其中以日本、法国、瑞典、美国以及加拿大居多。我国仅存的三件,是收藏于洛阳博物馆的金村大鼎、南京大学的错金铜尺以及清华大学的命瓜壶。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052723835.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052724491.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052725175.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052725840.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052726514.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052727179.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052727849.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052728509.jpg)
古玉流失海外的多了去了,但这一批要是能追回来,肯定要名垂青史了就是能安排个回家探亲展也将造福天下。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052729176.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052729834.jpg)
关于其中的连体玉舞人,沈从文先生在《中国古代服饰研究》中曾专文提及:
上圆舞女衣着袖长而小,袖头另附装饰如后世戏衣的水袖。领、袖、下脚均有宽沿,斜裙烧襟,裙而不裳,用大带束腰,和楚俑相近。额发平齐,两鬓(或后发)卷曲如蝎子尾,商代玉雕女人已有相同的处理。下图单独一个舞女,头顶覆盖以帽箍,较先的商代人形和较后的楚俑都常有相似形象,可见当时妇女应用装束的共通性(古代冠子有制如覆杯形容,指的或近似这种式样),发式前后均有一部分剪平,后垂发辫则作分段束缚,这种样式西汉陶俑中还有发现,此外楚俑有于后背长辫发中部结成双环的,西汉彩绘妇女俑也发现过。又有作单环的,近于由双环简化而成。又有下垂作圆锤形的。这种发式处理似均为歌舞伎所采用。(顾恺之《女史箴图》中,一般宫女发辫发也有作双环后垂的,可知此画一部分或依据西汉旧图而成。西晋时,妇女早已不探用这种装束。)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052730522.jpg)
另外,该馆还有一对单体玉舞人。较前面的年轻一些,头上似乎梳着假发。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052731175.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052731851.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052732522.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052733178.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052733834.jpg)
河南洛阳有一个享誉全世界的村落,它叫金村,当地村民曾说过这个名字的由来,“村里种地常发现金罐子,金元宝。”而它之所以能一鸣惊人,还要从1928年说起。
那是一个雷鸣电闪的雨天,金村东面的一处农田突然塌陷,露出一个大坑,地下传来钟鼓齐鸣的声响。人们下到坑里一看,泥土中裹着编钟,是古董。懂行的人跑来看了看,说:关注公众号 :古玉虫。难怪这里打井不顺当,井水都渗到墓道里去了!而且这一带地下全是古墓,一连数公里。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052734527.jpg)
消息很快传开了,几拨考古专家赶来很认真地四处查看,说“好像是天子墓”。金村人听了不懂,追着问:“天子,啥天子?能比皇帝的官还大呀?!”
后来,村里的人终于知道,这墓中有的是宝贝,有无数的青铜礼器,这些东西都可以卖钱,一件土罐罐说不定就能换回一头大青骡!于是人们兴奋起来,都想弄几件回家压箱底。
令他们惊讶的是,那些盆盆罐罐在地下埋了几千年,仍然完好无损,编钟拿出来敲,“当”的一声就响了,声音洪亮,还可以敲出曲调。老百姓不知道这是王陵,心里只想着:古玉虫,这下发财了!
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052735177.jpg)
“金村地下有宝贝”的消息很快在十里八乡传开了,于是,就有那胆大之人准备盗墓。由于时逢乱世,军阀混战,文物得不到国家的有效保护,基本上都被外国人弄走了。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052735850.jpg)
事情的经过是这样的:当时的河南,宗教政策开放,凡较大的城市,都有外国人在传教。其中加拿大传教士怀履光住在省城开封,他和美国人华尔纳一听洛阳有宝,就沿着陇海线摸过来了。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052736522.jpg)
现在有人说,怀履光来金村并非是盗掘文物,他得到了当时河南省博物馆负责人的首肯;怀履光喜欢中国文物,认识很多中国学者,彼此间常有合作,还翻译了一些文物拓片上的文字,向世界介绍中国文化。这样说来,他似乎是个文物爱好者或者志愿者。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052737191.jpg)
怀履光是传教士,他来中国只能是传教,而不是收集文物。让我们看看这个人的简历吧,怀履光是他来中国时的汉文译名,也有人译为白威廉。他是基督教河南圣公会的主教,1910年从加拿大来华,在中国居住了40年,成为一个“中国通”。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052737852.jpg)
当年他来到金村,发现这里的地下简直就是天堂,全是人类早期文明的瑰宝。这下他便不走了,要挖宝。从1928年开始,他利用主教的身份,纠集他的洋哥们儿,威胁利诱当地一些百姓,一直在这里挖了6年!
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052738527.jpg)
6年间,金村的原野上每天都是人头攒动,镢头、铁锨加上洛阳铲,搅得尘土弥漫。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052739178.jpg)
6年过后,这里的原野上只剩下8座被挖开的大墓,就像8个老人被掏空了腹腔,敞开了血淋淋的伤口,向着苍天悲号和发问。与此同时,一片狼藉的天子墓旁,站着那些傻了眼的农民。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052739849.jpg)
梅原末治从一件银器的铭文中看到有“三十七年”字样,就想当然地认为这是“秦始皇三十七年”,从而发表看法,说金村古墓是秦代墓葬。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052740527.jpg)
后来,又有人读出编钟上有个“韩”字,便认为这是“韩墓”。这些人之所以搞错,是因为1934年之前,我国还没有确认夏商周三代王陵的位置。
直到1946年,著名学者唐兰先认为金村古墓是周墓,关注古玉虫,并发表《洛阳金村古墓为东周墓而非韩墓考》这篇论文,才初步确定此处为东周贵族墓群。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052741177.jpg)
金村8座大墓被盗掘后,考古学者根据墓葬的形制,根据出土文物的有关记述,点点滴滴地进行考证,后来又结合不断发现的商周时期墓葬,终于得出一个结论——金村古墓乃东周王陵!
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052741865.jpg)
这,已经没有什么争议了。但是,即使没有争议,又有何用呢?那些被运走的文物,何时能回来?这些荡平了的陵墓,还能不能重新隆起,给后人一个标志?
只是先秦时期玉舞人出土的记录比较少,相反,两汉时期的高等级墓葬中常有出现,比如下面一组来自西汉初期窦氏墓中出土的玉组佩。曾在清华大学艺术博物馆“与天久长”展览中展出。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052742831.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052743539.jpg)
此外海昏侯墓,南越王墓,满城汉墓,江苏小龟山汉墓等一批汉墓中都有同类型的玉器出土。因此关于其确切年代还有待商榷。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052744211.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052744897.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052745568.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052746256.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052746911.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052747598.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052748255.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052748925.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052749601.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052750257.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052750942.jpg)
下面这件玉杯,收录于梅原末治《洛阳金村古墓聚英》,但是哈佛大学艺术博物馆标注年代在西汉。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052751614.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052752286.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052752959.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052753615.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052754288.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052754958.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052755630.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052756306.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052756974.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052757631.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052758303.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052758974.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052759646.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052800319.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052800973.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052801656.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052802319.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052803022.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052803694.jpg)
类似的款式。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052804366.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052805037.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052805708.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052806366.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052807035.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052807708.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052808368.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052809100.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052809771.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052810481.jpg)
相同的玉佩在克利夫兰美术馆。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052811146.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052811835.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052812524.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052813192.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052813896.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052814577.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052815243.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052815930.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052816643.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052817303.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052817974.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052818646.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052819317.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052820006.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052820702.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052821381.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052822053.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052822727.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052823429.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052824098.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052824801.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052825491.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052826181.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052826835.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052827508.jpg)
最后放两块彩绘持盾武士驭龙纹砖,在1931年2月6日的一封信件中,怀履光第一次提到这种砖,信中写到,他从姓“Ling”的那里买下5块带画的墓砖,其中一块是持盾武士驭龙纹画像砖。“Ling”姓人员或即蔺石庵(公元1880~1941年),经营着开封最大的古董商行——群古斋,垄断了河南古玩行业的文物生意。
不过画像砖是否属于金村有争议,部分学者认为是汉代风格,故宫博物院就有收藏同款刻像砖,不过未施彩绘,年代定在西汉。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052828195.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052828929.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052829631.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052830304.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052831036.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052831716.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052832368.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052832866.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052833538.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052834226.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052834930.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052835649.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052836367.jpg)
比如下面这件怀履光当年从河南寄回的承弓器,这个定名是后来有了一定的认识才得出的,当时怀履光也不清楚它的名字及用途。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052837037.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052837705.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052838369.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052839039.jpg)
1980年,在挖掘秦始皇铜车马坑时,在一木椁内出土一前一后纵置的两辆大型铜车马,出土时已残破不堪,光是碎片就有三千多片,考古人员花了很大功夫历时八年才将它们复原。——这就是考古与盗墓的最大区别,考古力图还原历史,而盗墓则正相反。
铜车马是秦始皇的超豪华手办,其大小约为真实马车的1/2,车、马、御手全用青铜铸造,通体彩绘,车马器和部分装饰则用金银制作。它是中国考古史上截至目前出土的体型最大、结构最复杂、系驾关系最完整的古代车马,被誉为“青铜之冠”。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052839711.jpg)
在战车前面,我们可以看到一对承弓器。春秋时期战车的标准配置是三个人,中间是司机,车子右边的人(车右)手执戈矛等兵器负责近战;车子左边的人(车左)负责射箭,属于远战。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052840383.jpg)
芝加哥艺术博物馆的一对承弓器与加拿大皇家安大略博物馆的性质纹饰几乎一样。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052841053.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052841710.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052842399.jpg)
而克利夫兰美术馆藏的一对承弓器形制与前面类似,只是纹饰有差别。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052843052.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052843772.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052844448.jpg)
弗利尔美术馆的这件虎首错金银承弓器,据馆方信息可能来自金村,相比较而言则更加华丽。而关于它的用法,则不止是单纯的搁置弓弩。作为一种远射程武器,弩并不容易单手撑开,在行驶的战车上手脚并用张弩又很不方便,所以将弩机放在承弓器上,再利用其弯曲的凹槽斜向上拉弓弦,弩弓就可以张开。结合文献记载,孙机先生认为所谓的承弓器即“弩辄”。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052845117.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052845836.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052846565.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052847259.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052847929.jpg)
从一号铜车马的结构来看,管箍状的器物多可能是伞杆构件或者其它套接件。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052848602.jpg)
布鲁克林博物馆藏有这样一件错银箍状物,并无出土信息。但是据《洛阳金村古墓聚英》一书著录,在日本白鹤美术馆有一件几乎一样的器物,所以推测这件也同样可能出自洛阳金村。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052849286.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052850024.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052850705.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052851368.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052852083.jpg)
下面这件则可能是軏饰,軏是辀头饰,辀则是连接车体与马背上衡木的“动力牵引”部件,是全车最大的单个部件。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052852758.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052853432.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052854117.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052854785.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052855467.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052856134.jpg)
克利夫兰美术馆的这件错金银车饰则尤为精彩,造型复杂,工艺精湛。不仔细看很难发现这其中有一条龙。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052856819.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052857493.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052858608.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052859366.jpg)
吉美国立亚洲艺术博物馆的类似款。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052859993.jpg)
其用途可能是衡末饰,“衡”是架在马背上的横杆,其末尾一般会有装饰。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052900602.jpg)
推测同样用途的还有纳尔逊-阿特金斯艺术博物馆的嵌蜻蜓眼鎏金车饰,在同类制品中堪称顶级。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052901054.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052901515.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052901964.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052902421.jpg)
下面这件车马器在芝加哥美术馆及加拿大皇家安大略博物馆都有收藏,一般认为是车輢饰,是车厢纵向栏杆的顶端的装饰,关注公众号:古玉虫。当然也有争议,也有认为是特殊的车轭首饰。由于出土少见,因此恐怕还有待新的出土资料来验证其用途了。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052903041.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052903651.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052904254.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052904877.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052905488.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052906118.jpg)
金村还有许多工艺精湛的其他器物,有些用途至今仍然有待商榷。下面这件牛首错金嵌玉龙形带钩,造型别致,可能是周天子所用。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052906743.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052907357.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052908008.jpg)
关于带钩的用途,在前面提到的金村文物中就有体现。这件青铜人物器座的腹部正中凸起部分正是带钩,起扣拢腰带的作用。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052908632.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052909259.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052909849.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052910459.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052911067.jpg)
双龙首铜带钩
洛阳金村出土
加拿大皇家安大略博物馆藏
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052911693.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052912321.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052912944.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052913581.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052914230.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052914836.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052915445.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052916069.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052916679.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052917288.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052917930.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052918540.jpg)
金村出土的铜镜在古代铜镜中占有非常特殊的地位,因为其中一些品种类型在后来的考古发掘中再没有出现,几乎就是孤品。比如日本永青文库收藏的这件大名品,据传出自金村的金银错狩猎纹铜镜。这件比较有意思,最初梅原末治在编辑《欧美蒐藏支那古铜精华》中,将它的年代定在秦汉以后,但是金村大墓横空出世以后,他又将它编入《洛阳金村古墓聚英》中,年代提前了,不过未说明理由。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052919177.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052919787.jpg)
不过即便是更早的怀履光《洛阳金村古墓考》收录的铜镜中,年代也比较混乱,其中有明显属于汉代的四乳双龙纹镜,已有考古发掘对应,并非战国时所有。而下面这件蟠龙纹镶嵌绿松石铜方镜是1929到1931年间,怀履光从河南寄到加拿大并且标注出自金村的文物,有学者认为,这批文物中出自金村的可能性最大。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052920428.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052921086.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052921711.jpg)
还有哈佛大学艺术博物馆的这面嵌玉琉璃铜镜也是镜中极品,外圈是绞丝玉环,其内以蓝色琉璃为地,装饰目形纹和花瓣纹相间的两圈纹饰。镜中央的蓝色琉璃钮如不仔细看,都不容易发现上面有传绶带用的钻孔。孔洞均打在两个蜻蜓眼之间,尽量不破坏同心圆的美观,又不易引人注意。实在是匠心之作。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052922164.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052922617.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052923242.jpg)
卢芹斋旧藏,曾收入《洛阳金村古墓聚英》一书、现藏弗利尔美术馆的错金银龙纹铜镜。
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052923868.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052924539.jpg)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052925242.png)
![](https://i.51774.com/images/article/2023/05/28/052927086.png)
- 0000
- 0000
- 0000
- 0000
- 0000